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Stands for "Basic Input/Output System. The BIOS is a program pre-installed on Windows-based computers (not on Macs) that the computer uses to start up. The CPU accesses the BIOS even before the operating system is loaded. The BIOS then checks all your hardware connections and locates all your devices. If everything is OK, the BIOS loads the operating system into the computer's memory and finishes the boot-up process.

 

 

The main circuit board of a computer. The motherboard contains the connectors for attaching additional boards. Typically, the motherboard contains the CPU, BIOS, memory, mass storage interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and all the controllers required to control standard peripheral devices, such as the display screen, keyboard, and disk drive. Collectively, all these chips that reside on the motherboard are known as the motherboard's chipset.

 

A Hard Drive is just a very large disk. It holds huge amounts of information usually inside the computer's structure. Many people often confuse the Hard Drive with the computer's memory.
Information remains on the Hard Drive even after the computer is turned off. When one "saves" a file, he/she saves it to the hard drive. Sometimes also called a Hard Disk.

 

RAM (random access memory) is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and data in current use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the computer's processor. RAM is much faster to read from and write to than the other kinds of storage in a computer, the hard disk, floppy disk, and CD-ROM. However, the data in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. When you turn the computer off, RAM loses its data. When you turn your computer on again, your operating system and other files are once again loaded into RAM, usually from your hard disk. 

 

A circuit board fitted to a computer containing the necessary video memory and other electronics to provide a bitmap display.
Adaptors vary in the resolution (number of pixels) and number of colours they can display, and in the refresh rate they support. These parameters are also limited by the monitor to which the adaptor is connected. A number of such display standards, e.g. SVGA, have become common and different software requires or supports different sets. 

 

A drive that is connected to a computer and on which a CD or a DVD  can be played.

 

Ethernet is the most widely-installed local area network ( LAN) technology. Fast Ethernet or 100BASE-T provides transmission speeds up to 100 megabits per second and is typically used for LAN backbone systems, supporting workstations with 10BASE-T cards.

 

A network is defined as two or more computers that are connected together to allow access from one to the other. A Local Area Network (LAN) is one in which machines are connected using physical cables. This is appropriate for machines that are located closely together, such as within an office or building.  Wide Area Networks (WAN) consist of computers that are connected together using dedicated digital lines or telephone lines, over a wider area where physical wiring is not possible. The purpose of a WAN is to allow an organisation to share data and hardware throughout all its locations in order to maximise the company's data processing investment.  A Virtual Private Network (VPN) uses the internet as a means of allowing machines to communicate, by using software to encrypt the information as it passes along the public wires. VPNs are cheaper to run than WANs, as they do not require dedicated lines.

 

A computer virus is a software program, script, or macro designed to infect, destroy, modify, or cause other problems with your computer or software programs.  A computer virus has been described as a parasite that intentionally will enter your PC for destroying your system, files, and any programs that you have on your system. The virus will attach itself to files or boot sectors in order to replicate itself the user is unaware of the problem and spreads the virus to others.

 

Any software that covertly gathers user information through the user's Internet connection without his or her knowledge, usually for advertising purposes. Spyware applications are typically bundled as a hidden component of freeware or shareware programs that can be downloaded from the Internet; however, it should be noted that the majority of shareware and freeware applications do not come with spyware. Once installed, the spyware monitors user activity on the Internet and transmits that information in the background to someone else. Spyware can also gather information about e-mail addresses and even passwords and credit card numbers.

Spam

Electronic junk mail or junk newsgroup postings. Some people define spam even more generally as any unsolicited e-mail. However, if a long-lost brother finds your e-mail address and sends you a message, this could hardly be called spam, even though it's unsolicited. Real spam is generally e-mail advertising for some product sent to a mailing list or newsgroup.